Arquivo da categoria: história econômica do Brasil

Notas de Aula

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Algumas notas de aula que revisitei/atualizei estão aqui. Talvez você, leitor, goste.

Anúncios

Substituição de importações diminuirá a desigualdade…eles diziam.

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Latin American earnings inequality in the long run (Cliometrica, Sep/2017)
Leticia Arroyo, Pablo Astorga Junquera
This paper traces between-group earnings inequality for six Latin American countries over two centuries based on wage and income series compiled from a large array of primary and secondary sources. We find that inequality varied substantially by country and by period, questioning the notion that colonial legacies largely dominated the evolution of inequality. There is a broader inequality trajectory over the long run in the form of an “m” pattern with peaks around 1880 and the 1990s and a trough around 1920/1930s. Export-led growth does not necessarily imply a rise in inequality, while the import-substitution industrialisation efforts did not translate into a more egalitarian distribution of income. More notably, Latin America’s experience does not exhibit the great inequality levelling as seen in the North Atlantic economies from the 1930s to the 1970s.

Parece que não foi bem assim, não?

História Econômica do Brasil, bem feita

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Sovereign Commitment and Financial Underdevelopment in Imperial Brazil*
William R. Summerhill**

Working draft prepared for the conference “States and Capital Markets in Comparative istorical Perspective,” 21 October 2006, UCLA Center for Economic History.


ABSTRACT: In 1824 the creation of political institutions that constrained the monarch’s bility to unilaterally tax, spend, and debase the currency allowed Brazil to borrow repeatedly in London and in Rio de Janeiro to an extent that (at least through the 1880s) was unrivalled among the new nations of Latin America. The share of total public debt accounted for by long-term funded issues grew, and domestic debt came to dominate foreign debt by mid century. Sovereign debt yields fell over time in London and Rio de Janeiro, and the cost of new borrowing declined on average. The market’s assessment of
the probability of Brazilian government default tended to decrease. The development of vibrant private financial markets did not, however, follow from the enhanced credibility of government debt. Business finance in Imperial Brazil suffered from politicized market interventions that undermined the development of domestic capital markets until the early
1880s. Private interest rates remained high, entry into commercial banking was heavily restricted, and limited-liability joint-stock companies were tightly controlled. The Brazilian case provides an important counterexample to the general proposition of North and Weingast that institutional changes that credibly commit the government to honor its obligations necessarily promote financial development more broadly. In Imperial Brazil the very institutions that enhanced the credibility of sovereign borrowing permitted the systematic repression of private financial development.